Takeaway
Biomarkers of nerve growth factor (NGF) can be monitored in plasma and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) in Down syndrome (DS), with the CSF biomarkers closely correlating with brain changes. proNGF 50 KDa and metallo-protease 9 (MMP-9) can distinguish Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-symptomatic individuals from others with DS.
Why this matters
Biomarkers of AD in DS can be used for diagnosis, staging, or subtyping, leading to improved treatment outcomes.