Takeaway
Serum concentrations of the cytokine growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) are elevated in people with stable multiple sclerosis (MS).
Why this matters
There is currently a lack biomarkers that indicate inflammatory disease activity in people with MS. The findings suggest that GDF-15 could be used as a biomarker for stable disease or response to disease-modifying treatments in a subgroup of people with MS.