Cerebral cavernous malformations: assessing functional outcome and rebleeding risk after multiple hemorrhage

Symptomatic hemorrhage contributes to an increased risk of repeated bleeding and morbidity in cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM).
The assessment of functional outcome in children (n=55) after initial and multiple intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) with CCM suggests that brainstem CCM (BSCM, P=0.019) predicts unfavorable outcomes after the second ICH. Outcomes significantly deteriorated in fewer patients after each ICM event. In addition, there was a 10.7% risk of rebleeding during the 1st year after a second occurrence of ICH.
According to the authors, children with BSCM experience worse outcomes after a second ICH, with rebleeding greatly contributing to neurological deterioration in this cohort.